Group A-9

化学構造　(Chemical Structure)

● Anthracene (アントラセン） (Paranaphthalene)
　  CAS: 120-12-7 Industry 　MW: 178.23

AM	Sal./E.coli	Min (?)	○w	1,2)
AM	Sal. /E.coli	Max (5.0 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	3)
AM	Sal. /E.coli	Min (0.039 mg/ml, +HS9); Spa=5380	○	4)
CA	CHL/IU	Min (0.02 mg/ml, +S9), 6-18h; D20= 0.03;TR= 450	○	5)
CA	CHL/IU	Min (0.015 mg/ml, +S9), 6-18h; D20= 0.013; TR= 1500	○	4)
MLA	L5178Y	Min (?)	○	6)
MLA	L5178Y	Min (?)	○	7)

1) Dunkel VC., et al., Environ. Mutagen., 7 (Suppl. 5) 1-248 (1985)
2) Mortelmans, K., et al., Environ. Mutagen., 8 (Suppl. 7) 1-119 (1986)
3) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.) (1996) (Tables in English)
4) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.) (2008), p.123 (Tables in English
5) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo(1998）(Tables in English)
6) Mitchell AD., et al., Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 12 (Suppl.13) 37-102 (1988)
7) Myhr BC & Caspary WJ., Environ. Mol. Mutaagen., 12 (Suppl.13) 103-194 (1988)

IARC Carcinogenicity Criteria:
Group 3 (Inadequate evidence in human and experimental animals)

● 9-Anthracenemethanol (9-アントラセンメタノール）
　 1468-95-7 Industry 　208.26

AM	Sal. /E.coli	Min (0.078 mg/plate, +30%S9); Spa= 2070	○	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Min (0.1 mg/ml, +S9), D20= 0.073, TR= 290	○	2)

1) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.), Suppl. 3, pp. 201 (2005) (Tables in English)
2) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.), Suppl.4, pp.164 (2008) (Tables in English)

● Anthraquinone （アントラキノン）
　  84-65-1 　Food　　208.22

AM

Sal./E.coli

Min (10.0 mg/plate+30%-S9); Spa= 12.8

○w

1)

1) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.) (1996) (Tables in English)

● Apocarotenal (10% aqueous solution)
　  1107-26-2 Labouratory　　416.65

CA

CHL/IU

Max (1.0 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h

□

1)

1) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● L-Arginine L-gulutamate
　  4320-30-3 　Food　　321.34

AM	Sal./ E.coli	Max (10.0 mg/plate±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (4.0 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h	□	2)

1) Ishidate MJr (Ed): Data Book for Mutagenicity in Bacateria, LIC/Tokyo (1991) (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998）(Tables in English)

● Arsenic, elemental and inorganic compounds (Except Arsine)
　(ヒ素、無機ヒ素化合物）
　  7440-38-2 (Elemental) 　Industry　Atomic Wt: 74.92　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

AM	E.coli	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite)	○	1)
AM	E.coli	Max ( 3.25 mg/ml) (Sodium arsenite)	□	2)
YM	Yeast	Max (?) (Sodium arsenite) Gene Conversion Assay Min (?) Reverse Mutation Assay	□ ○	3)
SM	CHO	Max (?) (Sodium arsenite)	□	2)
SCE	SH Embryo & Human LY	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite & arsenate)	○	4), 15)
CA	Human Leukocytes	Na2HAsO4 　Min ( 72 x 10-7M) H3AsO4 　  Min ( 72 x 10-7M) As2O5　    Min ( 36 x 10-7M) NaAsO2　   Min ( 24 x 10-7M) AsCl3　　  Min (  6 x 10-7M) As2O3　    Min ( 12 x 10-7M)	○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○	5)
MLA	L5178Y	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite ), -S9 Min (?)(Sodium arsenate), +S9	○ ○	6), 14)
CA	CHO Human LY	Min (5 μg/ml) (Sodium arsenite & arsenate)	○	7)
CT	SH Embryo & BALB/3T3	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite & arsenate) Min (10 μM ) Sodium arsenite	○ ○	8) 9, 23)
SCG	Human LY	Min (?) ( 2 x 10-4 - 1.5 x 10-3M)	○	10)
UDS	Human Fb	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite) ( 1.5, 10μM)	○	11)
CA	Human LY CHO	Min (?) (Sodium arsenite )( 0.01μM), 24h, Poly(22.4%) Min (?) (As2O3 & As2O5)	○ ○	12), 16) 13)
MNv	Mouse BM	Min ( 10 mgkg. ip, 24h) (NaAsO2), ip Min ( 5 g/kg x 4, or) (Sodium arsenite)	○ ○	17) 21)
SPMv	Mouse Sperm	Max (?) (NaAsO2), ip	□	17)
DLv	Mice	Max ( 5 mg/kg, ip ) (NaAsO2)	□	17)
SMv	Drosophila Wing	Max (?) (Sodium arsenite & arsenate)	□	18)
CAv	Mice	Min ( 0.1-2.5 mg/kg), po	○	19), 22)
SLRLv	Drosophila	Min ( 0.38-0.77 mM)	○	20)

1) Nishioka H: Mutation Res., 31, 185 (1975)
2) Rossman TG., et al.: Environ Mutagen 2, 371-379 (1980)
3) Kharab P & Singh I.: Mutation Res., 155, 117-120 (1985)
4) Larramandy ML., et al.:Environ Mutagen, 3, 597-606 (1981)
5) Nakamuro K. & Sayato Y: Mutation Res., 88, 73-80 (1981)
6) Oberly TJ., et al.: Toxicol Environ Health, 9, 367-376 (1982)
7) Wan B., et al.: Environ Mutagen 4, 493-498 (1982)
8) Lee TC., et al: Carcinogenesis, 6, 1421-1426 (1985)
9) Bertolero E.,et al.: Carcinogenesis, 8, 803-808 (1987)
10) Hartmann A & Speit G: Environ Mol Mutagen, 23, 299-305 (1994)
11) Dong JT & Luo XM,: Mutation Res., 315, 11-15 (1994)
12) Yega L., et al.: Mutation Res., 334, 365-378 (1995)
13) Kochhar YS., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 84, 37-42 (1996)
14) Moor MM., et al.: Mutation Res., 386, 279-290, (1997)
15) Ramussen RE & menzel DB.: Mutation Res., 386, 299-306 (1997)
16) Ramirez P., et al. Mutation Res., 386, 291-298 (1997)
17) Deknudt G., et al.: Mutagenesis, 1, 33-34 (1986)
18) Tripathy NK., et al.: Mutation Research, 242, 169-180 (1990)
19) Das T., et al.: Environ Mol Mutagen, 21, 383-388 (1993)
20) Romos-Morales P & Rodrinuez-Arnaiz R.: Environ Mol Mutagen, 25, 288-299 (1995)
21) Tice RR., et al.: Mutation Res., 386, 315-334 (1997)
22) Pddar S., et al.: Food Chem Toxicol, 38, 735-737 (2000)
23) Sabbioni E, et al., Carcinogenesis, 12, 1287-1291 (1991)

【Reviews】
1) IARC Monographs 1-42, Supp. 6, Lyon, France (1987)
2) Leonard A & Lauwerys RR, Mutation Res., 75, 49-62 (1980)
3) Jacobson-Kram, Montalbano, 787 (1985))

US-NTP Genotoxicity Screening：
○　Ames Test: 　□

【Note】 (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl. 6, 1987)　

The genetic toxicology of arsenic has been reviewed (Jacobson-Kram, Montalbano, 787, 1985). 　In one study of people exposed to trivalent arsenic in drinking-water, no increase in the incidence of SCEs or CAs was observed (Vig, Figueroa, Cornforth, 325, 1984). A number of other studies (IARC, 23, 39; Nordenson, Beckman, 175, 1982) on people occupationally exposed to arsenic or patients treated with arsenic have shown increased levels of CAs or SCEs . The interpretation of these results remains uncertain because of methodological problems. 　Trivalent arsenic did not induce DL mutations in mice, but it produced a small increase in the incidence of CAs and MNs in bone-marrow cells of mice treated in vivo. It induced CAs and SCEs in human and rodent cells in vitro, and transformation of Sy. hamster embryo cells; it did not induce mutation in rodent cells in vitro. It induced gene conversion in Yeast but did not cause mutation or induce prophage in bacteria. 　Pentavalent arsenic induced CAs in human and rodent cells in vitro, equivocal results were obtained in assays for the induction of SCEs. It induced transformation in Sy. hamster embryo cells but did not induce mutation or DNA strand breaks in rodent cells in vitro. It induced gene conversion in yeast but did not induce mutation in bacteria. (IARC Monographs, 1, 41, 1972; 2, 48, 1973; 23, 39, 1980)

　　　【Note】 (Cited from ＣＩＣＡＤｓ、ＩＰＣＳ　ＩＮＣＨＥＭ, WHO, 2002)

No studies are available regarding the genotoxicity of arsine per se. Inorganic arsenic does not induce point mutations, but it does induce chromosomal abnormalities in vitro, including changes in structure and number of chromosomes, endoreduplication, and sister chromatid exchange, and it affects methylation and repair of DNA. Limited studies indicate that arsenite is also clastogenic in vivo (IPCS, 2001a).

● Asbestos （アスベスト）
　  1332-21-4 Natural/Fibrous mineral silicates　

AM	Sal.	Max (0.5 mg/plate±S9)	□	1)
AM	E.coli	Max (2.5 mg/plate±S9)	□	1)
SCE	CH	Min (0.01 mg/ml, -S9)	○	2)
CA	CH	Min (0.005 mg/ml, -S9)	○	3)
CA	Rat cells	Min (0.002 mg/ml, -S9); Aneuploid	○	4)
CT	C3H10Ti/2	Max (0.01 mg/ml, -S9)	□	5)
CT	Rat cells	Min (0.002 mg/ml, -S9)	○	6)
CA	Hum Ly	Min (0.01 mg/ml, -S9)	○	7)
CAv	Rat BM	Max (0.5 mg/kg)	□	8)
MNv	Mice	Max (0.4 mg/kg)	□	8)

1) Chanberlain, M & Tarmy, EM, Mutation Res., 43, 159-164 (1977)
2) Livingston, GK, Rom, WN & Morris, MV, J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 4, 373-382 (1980)
3) Kelsey, KT, Yano, E & Liber, HL,　Bri. J. Cancer, 54, 107-114 (1986)
4) Jaurand, MC, Kheuang, L Magne, L & Bignon, J, Mutation Res., 169, 141-148 (1986)
5) Brown, RC, Poole, A & , Fleming, GTA, Cancer Lett., 18, 221-227 (1983)
6) Patarour, MJ, Bignon, J & Jaurand, MC, Carcinogenesis, 6, 523-529 (1985)
7) Valerio, F, De Ferrari, M., et al., IARC Sci., Publ., 30, 485-489 (1980)
8) Lavappa, KS, Fu, MM & Epstein SS, Environ. Res., 10, 165-173 (1975)

【Note】 (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl. 6, 1987)

Insulation workers exposed to asbestos displayed a marginal increase in the incidence of SCEs in Ly in one study. 　Chrysotile did not induce micronuclei in bone-marrow cells of mice or CAs in bone-marrow cells of rhesus monkeys treated in vivo. In cultured human cells, conflicting results were reported for the induction CAs and negative results for the induction of SCEs by chrysotile and crocidolite; amosite and crocidolite did not induce DNA strand breaks, and croidolite was not mutagenic. Amosite, anthophylite, chrysotile andcrodidolite induced transformation of Sy. hamster embryo cells, chrysotile and crocidolite transformed BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells, and chrysotile transformed rat mesothelial cells. Neither amosite nor crocidolite transformed CH310T1/2 cells. In cultured rodent cells, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile and crocidolite induced CAs, and amosite, chrysotile and crocidolite induced SCE; chrysotile and crocidolite induced aneuploidy and mironuclei. Chrysotile did not induce UDS in rat hepatocytes. Amosite, chrysotile and crocidolite were inactive or weakly active in inducing mutation in rodent cells in vitro; none was mutagenic to bacteria. (IARC, Monograph, 2, 17 , 1973)

● L-Ascorbic acid 　(Vitamin C) （ビタミン Ｃ）
　  50-81-7　Food/Medicine　176.13

AM	Sal./E.coli	Max (5.0 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (0.3 mg/ml, -S9), 48h	□	2)
MNv	Mice	Max (?)	□	3)

1) Ishidate MJr (Ed): Data Book for Mutagenicity in Bacateria, LIC/Tokyo (1991) (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)
3) Ishidate, MJr, et al: Natl Inst. Hygien. Sci., Tokyo ?

     ● L-Ascorbyl stearate
　　　　 25395-66-8   Food     442.59

AM	Sal./E.coli	Max (10.0 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (2.0 mg/ml, ±S9), 6-18h	□	2)

1) Ishidate MJr (Ed): Data Book for Mutagenicity in Bacateria, LIC/Tokyo (1991) (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● L-Aspartic acid （アスパラギン酸）
　  56-84-8 　Industry　　133.10

AM

Sal./E.coli

Max (5 mg/plate, ±S9)

□

1)

1) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.) Suppl. 2 (2000) (Tables in English)

● Aspirin anhydride (無水アスピリン）
　  1466-82-6　 Medicine　　342.31

CA

CHL/IU

Min ( 0.25 mg/ml, -S9), D20= 0.31 (48h)

○

1)

1) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● Asulam （アスラム）
　  2302-17-2　　Pesticide　　　229.23

REC	B.subtlis	Max (2 mg/disk)	□	1)
AM	Sal./ E.coli	Max (?)	□	1)
HMA	?	Max (?)	□	1)
CT	?	Max (?)	□	1)
DLv	?	Max (?)	□	1)

1) Japanese J, Agriculture, 15, 497-501 (1990) (Cited from Environ. Res., 21, 53-81, 1999)

● Atrazine (and related symmetrical triazines) （アトラジン）
　  1912-24-9　　Herbicide　　216.06　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

AM	Sal.	Max (?)	□	1), 2)
YM	Yeast, A. nidulans	Max (?) (Mitotic Gene Conversion Test)	□	3), 4)
PLN	Maize	Min (?) (Specific Local Mutation Assay)	○	5)
CA	Barley(オオムギ）	Min (500 ppm)	○	6)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (0.4 mg/ml, ±S9), 6-18h	□	7)
SCE	CHO	Max (?)	□	8)
SLRLv	Drosophila	Max (?)	□	8)
DLv	Mice	Min (1.5 g/kg)	○	8), 9)
CAv	Mice	Min (1.5 g/kg)	○	9)

1) Anderson KJ, et al.:J. Agr. food Chem., 20:649-656 (1972)
2) Shirasu Y, et al.: Mutation Res., 40, 19-30 (1976)
3) Siebert D & Lemperle E.: Mutation Res., 22, 111-120 (1974)
4) DeBertoldi M, et al.: Mutation Res.., 53, 174- 175 (1978)
5) Plewa MJ & Gentile JM: Mutation Res., 38, 287-292 (1976)
6) Wuu KD & Grant WF: Cytologia, 32, 31-41(1967)
7) Ishidate MJr(Ed.): Data Book, Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro, LIC, Tokyo/ Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988)
8) John GES, et al.: J. Dairy Sci., 47, 1267 (1964)　
9) Palmer JS & Radeleff RD: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 111, 729-736 (1964)

US-NTP Genotoxicity Screening：
○　Ames Test: 　□

● Atropine sulfate (Atropisol)
    55-48-1 　　Medicine　　　676.82

AM	Sal./ E.coli	Max (?)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (0.25 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h	□	2)

1) ?
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test Ｉn Vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998）(Tables in English)

● Auramine　（オーラミン）
　  492-80-8　　Industry/Dye　　267.41

CT

Sy.ham Embryo

Max (?)

□

1)

1) Pienta RJ, et al:: Intern. J. Cancer, 19, 642-655 (1977)

【Note】(Cited from IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Human (Suppl. 6, 1987)

Auramine did not induce MNs in bone-marrow cells of mice treated in vivo. It transformed Syrian hamster embryo cells and induced SCEs and DNA strand breaks in rodent cells in culture, It cause aneuploidy, mitotic recombination and DNA damage in yeast. It was mutagenic to bacteria and induced prophage. (IARC Monographs, I, 69, 1972)

   　● 10-Azabenzo(a)pyrene  (10-Aza B(a)P)
       　189-92-4　 Laboratory　 253.31

AM

Sal/ TA100

Min (1.0 nmolg/plate, +HS9)

○

1)

1) Yamada K., et al., Mutation Res., 557, 159-165 (2004)

● Azaserin (アザゼリン）　(o-diazoacetyl-L-serine)
    115-02-6　 Industry　　173.13

BM	E.coli	Min (?)	○	1)
PLN	soybeans	Min ( 0.1 mg/ml)	○	2)
SM	CH: V79	Min (?)	○	3)
CA	Vicia Faba	Min (?)	○	4)
UDS	Mouse cells	Max (?)	□	5)
SCE	CHO	Max (?)	□	8)

1) Sedgwick B: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1561 (1995)
2) Katoh Y., et al.: Mutation Res., 342, 37-41 (1995)
3) Shaeffer BK., et al.,: Pancreas, 2, 518-522 (1987)
4) Kihlman BA & Sturelids S., Hereditas, 880, 35-41 (1978)
5) Brambilla G., et al.: J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 94, 7-20 (1979)

● Azathioprine (アザチオプリン）（Azothioprine; BW-57-322; Azanin; Imuran）
　 446-89-6　　Laboratory 　　277.27

AM	Sal.	Min (?)	○	1)
CA	Human Ly	Min (0.05 mg/ml, -S9), 24h	○	2, 3)

1) (?)
2) Obe G, et al: Arzneim-forsch., 21,504-505 (1971)
3) Van Zyl J & Wissmuller HF: Humangenetik, 21, 153-165 (1974)

【Note】 (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl., 6, 1987)

There are conflicting reports on the incidence of CAs in lymphocytes and bone-marrow cells of patients treated with azathioprine. In one study, the incidence of SCEs in lymphocytes of treated patients was not increased. 　In animals treated in vivo, it induced DL mutations in mice, CAs in rabbit lymphocytes and CH bone-marrow cells, and MNs in mice, rats and hamsters; it did not induce SCEs in CH mouse-marrow cells. It induced CAs but not SCEs in human lymphocytes in vitro. It induced CAs in Drosophila, was weakly mutagenic to fungi and was mutagenic to bacteria. (IARC Monographs, 26, 47, 1981)

● Azinphos-Methyl　（アジンホス-メチル）
　 86-50-0 　Insecticide/Acaricide　317.34

  US-NTP Genotoxicity Screening：
  ○　Ames Test: 　□

● 2,2'-Azobis (2-mthylpropionitrile)　(α,α'-Azibis  isobutyronitrile; AIBN, ABN)
   78-67-1　　Industry　　164.24

AM	Sal.	Max ( 5.0 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	1-3)
CA	CHL/IU	Max ( 1.6 mg/ml, ±S9)	□	1)
MNv	Mice, BM	Max (?), or x 2	□	3)

1) Ministry of Health & Welfare, Japan, Toxicity Testing Reports of Environ. Chem., Vol. 5 (1997) (Tables in English)
2) Ministry of Labour: Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst., JETOC (Ed.) (1996) (Tables in English)
3) Takenaka SL, J Toxicol. Sci., 18, 418 (1993)

●Top Page　（トップページ）

●Abbreviation 　（省略記号）

●Mutagenicity （変異原性）

●Test Systems　(試験法の種類）

●Technical Problems　（技術的問題点）

●List of　Compounds（化合物リスト）

●Evaluation of Results　（試験結果の評価）