Group C-9

化学構造　(Chemical Structure)

● Chromium and Chromium Compounds (クロム及びクロム化合物）
　　 CAS: 7440-47-3　　Natural/Industry 　　　At. MW: 51.9961

【Note】 (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl., 6, ,1987).

The genetic toxicity of chromium compounds has been reviewed recently (Venitt, 249, 1986). The markedly different chemical and biological properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium are critical to an understanding of their genetic toxicity. 　　Ｔｒｉｖａｌｅｎｔ　ｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ　（Ｃｒ[III]) is the more stable oxidation state, and under physiological conditions it may form complexes with ligands such as nucleic acids, proteins and organic acids. Biological membranes are thought to be impermeable to Ｃｒ[III], although phagocytosis of particulate Ｃｒ[III] can occur. Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) usually forms strongly oxidizing chromate and dichromate ions, which readily cross biological membranes and are easily reduced under physiological conditions to Ｃｒ[III]. Ｃｒ[III] compounds may be contaminated with Cr[VI] compounds (and vice versa). 　　Cr[VI] 　　People occupationally exposed to Cr[VI] compounds ( in chromate production and in electroplating factories) had elevated incidences of CAs in their peripheral blood Lym.; reports on SCE induction were conflicting. Workers exposed to chromium compounds during stainless-steel welding did not show increased incidences of CAs, MNs or SCEs in peripheral blood Lym. (see IARC, 23, 205; Leonard, 229, 1986; Venitt, 249, 1986). 　　Cr[VI] induced DL mutations, CAs and MNs in rodents treated in vivo. In human cells in vitro , it caused CAs, SCEs and DNA damage. In cultured rodent cells, it induced transformation, CAs, SCEs, mutation and DNA damage. It induced aneuploidy in Drosophila and mitotic recombinantion in yeast. It was mutagenic and caused DNA damage in bacteria. 　　Cr[III] 　　No data were available on the genetic and related effects of these compounds in humans. 　　there is no consistent evidence that water-soluble Ｃｒ[III] has genetic activity. The few positive results were obtained only with doses about 100 times higher than those of Cr[VI] required to produce such effects. 　　Ｃｒ[III] did not induce MNs in bone-marrow cells of mice treated in vivo. Conflicting results were obtained for the induction of CAs in human Lym. in vitro, and neither SCEs nor UDS was induced in human cells in vitro. Conflicting results were obtained concerning the induction of CAs, mutation and SCEs in rodent cells in culture. Ｃｒ[III] did not induce mutation in bacteria, but induced DNA damage. 　　Insoluble crystalline chromium oxide (Cr2O3) induced SCEs and mutation in cultured Chinese hamster cells, which were shown to contain particles of the test material.

● Chromium carbonyl (クロームカルボニル；ヘイサカルボニルクローム）
　 CAS: 13007-92-6 Industry 　MW: 228.3

CA

CHL/IU

Min (2.0mg/ml, +S9), 6-18h; D20= 1.6; TR= 10

○

1)

1) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro,, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● Chromium (III) chloride （塩化第二クロム）　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　10060-12-5 Industry　 266.44

AM

Sal./E. coli

Max (10.0 mg/plate, ±S9)

□

1)

1) Ministry of Labor, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst.; JETOC (Ed.) (1996)  (Tables in English)

● Chromium (III) potassium sulfate (12 hydrate) (Ptassium chromic sulfate)　　　　　　　　　    7788-99-0　 Industry　 499.39

AM

Sal./E. coli

Max (10.0 mg/plate, ±S9)

○

1)

1) Ministry of Labour, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst.; JETOC (Ed.) (1996)  (Tables in English)

● Chromium (III) sulfate (X hydrate)　　　　　　　　 　　
　　  15244-38-9　 Industry　

AM

Sal./E. coli

Max (10.0 mg/plate, ±S9)

○

1)

1) Ministry of Labour, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst.; JETOC (Ed.) (1996) (Tables in English)

● Chrysene 　（クリセン）
　　 218-01-9　　　Laboratory 　　　 228.30

AM	Sal	Min (50 μM, ±S9)	○	1)
AM	Sal	Min (10 μg/plate, +S9)	○	2)
YM	Yeast	Max (330 mg/kg, Host Mediated)	□	3)
SM	V79	Max ( 1μg/ml)	□	4)
SM	Human cells	Max ( 4 μM)	□	5)
DNA	E. coli/Repair	Min ( 20-100μg/ml)	○	6)
DNA	Rat Hepatocytes	Max (0.0001M)	□	7)
CT	C3H/M2	Max (5-40μg/mg, -S9)	□	8)
CAv	Ham/BM Spermatogonia	Max (450 mgkg, po)	□	9)
SCEv	Hamster/BM	Min ( 2x450 mg/kg, ip)	○	10)

1) Sakai M., et al.: Mutation Res., 156, 61-67 (1985)
2) McCann J., et al. : Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA), 72, 51395-5　　　　　　
3) Simmon VF., et al.: J. Natl Cancer Inst., 62, 911-918 (1979)
4) Huberman E. & Sacks L.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 73, 188-192 (1976)
5) Huberman E., et al.: Mutation Res., 130, 127-137 (1984)
6) Ohta T., et al.: Mutation Res., 131, 101-109 (1984)
7) Tong C., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 477-478 (1981)
8) Glatt H., et al.: Cancer Res., 46, 4556-4565 (1986)
9) Basler A., et al.: Mutation Res., 48, 249-254 (1977)
10) Roszinsky KG., et al.: Mutation Res., 66, 65-67 (1979)

● Cinnamic aldehyde （ケイ皮アルデヒド）
　　 104-55-2　　　Food　　　 132.16

AM	Sal. TA100	Min (0.1mg/plate, ±S9) (by the Mutation frequency test)	○	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Min (0.01mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h; D20= 0.009;TR= 2100; (also Poly, -S9, 48h)	◎	2)
MN	Mice	Max ( 250 mg/kg x 4, ip, 24h	□	3)

1) Ishidate MJr. (Ed.) Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)
3) Hayashi M, et al: Fd Chem. Toxicol., 26, 487-500 (1988)

● Cinnamyl anthranilate　（ケイ皮アントラニレート）
　　　 87-29-6　　Food　　 253.30

AM	Sal.	Max ( 10 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max ( 0.1mg/ml, ±S9), 6-18h;	□	2)

1) Ishidate MJr. (Ed.) Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)  (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro,, LIC, Tokyo (1998）  (Tables in English)

● Cinosulfuron （セイラント）
　　 94593-91-6　Pesticide　 413.41

REC	B. subtilis	Max ( 6.0 mg/disk)	□	1)
AM	Sal./E. coli	Max ( 0.1 mg/plate)	□	1)
CA	Human LY	Max ( 1.0 mg/ml)	□	1)

1) Nihon Ciba Gigy Co. Ltd.: J. Pesticide Science, 17, S165-S169 (1992)

● Citral （シトラール）
　　 5392-40-5　Food　 152.26

AM	Sal.	Max (0.5 mg/ml, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (0.03 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h (No data for +S9)	□	2)

1) Ishidate MJr. (Ed.) Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)  (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998）  (Tables in English)

● Citric acid （クエン酸）
　　 77-92-9　Food/Medicine　 192.13

AM	Sal/E. coli	Max (5.0 mg/ml, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max (0.03 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h (No data for +S9)	□	2)

1) Ishidate MJr. (Ed.) Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)  (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● Citronella oil （シトロネラ油）
　　8000-29-1　　Food/Natural

REC	Rec-assay	Min (?)	○	1)
AM	Sal/E. coli	Max (5 mg/plate, ±S9)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Max ( 0.15 mg/ml, -S9), 24h; (No data for +S9) Poly; Min ( 0.1mg/ml, -S9), 48h	△ ○	2)

1) Hachiya N. et al.: Toxicol Forum., 8, 91-105 (1985)  ( in Japanese)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

● Citrus fruit seed extract　（チンピ果種抽出物） 　
　　　　Food/Natural　

CA

CHL/IU

Max (2.0mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h (No data for +S9)

□

1)

1) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998）  (Tables in English)

● Clofibrate （クロフィブレート）
　　　 637-07-0 　Medicine　 242.70

AM	Sal/E. coli	Max( 0.5 mg/ml)	□	1)
CA	CHL/IU	Min(　0.25 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h；D20=0.36; TR=16	○w	2)

1) Warren JR et al.: Cancer Res., 40, 36-41 (1980)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro, LIC, Tokyo (1998） (Tables in English)

【Note】 (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl., 6, ,1987)

No data were available on the genetic and related effects of clobibrate in human. 　　It did not induce CAs in Chinese hamster fibroblasts in vitro* and was not mutagenic to bacteria.     (IARC Monographs, 24, 39)     (* Weakly positive in CHL/IU cells)

●Top Page　（トップページ）

●Abbreviation 　（省略記号）

●Mutagenicity （変異原性）

●Test Systems　(試験法の種類）

●Technical Problems　（技術的問題点）

●List of　Compounds（化合物リスト）

●Evaluation of Results　（試験結果の評価）